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Investing Education

Master investing from beginner to advanced. Free guides on stocks, ETFs, index funds, dividends, and building wealth through smart investing.

What this section covers

Investing rewards patience and punishes activity, which is why most of the difficulty is behavioural rather than intellectual. The mechanics — asset allocation, diversification, cost, rebalancing — are genuinely simple. Applying them consistently for twenty years is the hard part.

These guides cover portfolio construction, index versus active management, asset allocation by horizon, dollar-cost averaging, rebalancing, risk and the tax treatment of different account types. Each one explains the reasoning as well as the recommendation, so you can judge whether it fits your situation rather than following a rule blindly.

Where a claim depends on assumptions about future returns, the guide states the assumption. Nobody knows what the market will return; the honest approach is to show the arithmetic and let you vary the inputs.

How to use this section

  1. 1
    Work out your time horizon and risk capacity first — almost every other decision follows from those two answers.
  2. 2
    Read the allocation guide before the product guides. Choosing what to hold matters far more than choosing which fund wrapper to hold it in.
  3. 3
    Use the investment-return and DCA calculators to test your own assumptions rather than accepting the examples.

Common questions

How much do investment fees actually matter?

They compound in the same way returns do, but against you. A 1% annual fee on a portfolio averaging 7% gross leaves you with roughly 25% less after 30 years than a 0.1% fee would. Because the drag is proportional, it grows with the pot — which is why cost matters more later in the accumulation phase than early.

Should I invest a lump sum or spread it out?

Lump-sum investing has historically won more often, because markets rise more often than they fall and the money is exposed for longer. Spreading it out reduces the regret risk if you happen to invest just before a decline. The mathematically better answer and the behaviourally easier answer are different, and either is defensible.

What is a reasonable return to assume?

A diversified global equity portfolio has historically returned around 7% a year before inflation over long periods, though with enormous variation between individual decades. Assuming much more than that in a plan is optimistic; assuming it is guaranteed is a mistake. Test your plan at 4%, 6% and 8% and see whether it still works at the low end.